Characterization of a Scalable Donor-Based Singlet-Triplet Qubit Architecture in Silicon

We present a donor-based quadruple-quantum-dot device, designed to host two singlet–triplet qubits fabricated by scanning tunnelling microscope lithography, with just two leads per qubit. The design is geometrically compact, with each pair of dots independently controlled via one gate and one reservoir. The reservoirs both supply electrons for the dots and measure the singlet–triplet state of each qubit via dispersive sensing. We verify the locations of the four phosphorus donor dots via an electrostatic model of the device. We study one of the observed singlet–triplet states with a tunnel coupling of 39 GHz and a S0-to-T– decay of 2 ms at zero detuning. We measure a 5 GHz electrostatic interaction between two pairs of dots separated by 65 nm. The results outline a low-gate-density pathway to a scalable 1D building block of atomic-precision singlet–triplet qubits using donors with dispersive readout.